TENSES (COMPLETED WORKS)
SAYING COMPLETED WORKS WITH 3RD FORM OF MAIN VERB
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE:
The completed works which are said with has / have + M.V 3rd form are related to Present Perfect.
Generally it is useful to say the completed works without having the idea when they were done. Here, even we don't remember the time, when we did some works we try to say it with approximate timings. Related to these actions the time of speaking is the criteria. That means here we convey the works we did up to the time of speaking.
The approximate timings generally we use in Present Perfect Tense are like
this:
- Recently
- Already
- just now
- A few days ago
- A few years ago
- A few moths ago
- A few weeks ago
- This month
- This year
- This week
- This day
- Until now
- For
- Since
- Never etc.
NOTE: These timings always confuses us when we consider the exact timings of Simple Past. The main difference in between them is like this regarding to Simple the time, date and day and month are found when we go back up to the mentioned period. But approximate time point of view it is not possible to
find out the day or date or month.
Study the following table and get the clarity.
EXACT TIMINGS APPROXIMATE TIMINGS
At 10am Recently
On 10th Already
On Wednesday Just now
In June A few days ago
In 1995 A few years ago
2 weeks ago A few weeks ago
6 months ago A few months ago
5 minutes ago A few minutes ago
Examples:
Subject based: Sub + has / have + m.v. 3rd form + .........
I have finished the work just now.
The teacher has started the lesson a few minutes ago.
Rama has encouraged me recently.
They have promoted us a few months ago.
I have already given money.
Object based: Obj + has / have + been + m.v. 3rd form + .......
The work has been finished just now.
The lesson has been started a few minutes ago.
Rama has been encouraged recently.
We have been promoted a few months ago.
Money has already been given.
NOTE: In the Place of 'has been' and 'have been' in the Object based views we can use "am / is / are" also in the formal spoken language, likewise in the Past Perfect in the place of 'had been' also we can use "was / were" regarding to object based views.
Some more examples on Present Perfect Tense:
I have bought a bike recently.
They have given a seminar a few days ago.
We have established a company a few years ago.
My friends has attended a interview a few weeks ago.
He has taken Chapati this day.
She has passed Degree this year.
DIRECT OBJECT:
The notes has been finished just now. (or)
The notes is finished just now.
My dreams have been fulfilled recently (or)
My dreams are fulfilled recently.
My lost money has been recovered a few days ago.
Exams have been started a few days ago.
INDIRECT OBJECT:
He has been selected for I.P.S recently. (or)
He is selected for I.P.S recently.
They have been requested just now.
We have been appreciated by our director recently.
Rama has been transferred this year.
SAYING THE NEGATION OF PRESENT PERFECT TENSE:
1. Up-to the time of speaking what we didn't do are said in Present Perfect Tense as follows:
Examples:
I have never told lies.
He has never supported me.
They have never wasted money.
2. And the work which is not yet completed up-to the time of speaking is said with 'yet' as follows:
Examples:
I haven't yet taken lunch.
They haven't started the work.
She hasn't yet come to the office.
Continue to ...........Part - 10